Electricity-meter.



G. M. WILLIS. ELECTRICITY METER. APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 10, 190s.

1,03 9,467. Patented Sept. 24, 1912.

a sums-snm 1, 2l/Zzgl] 1 W @e0/"'96 QW' dalla? M t Q@ @20w G. M. WILLIS. ELECTRICITY METER.

APPLIGATION HLED JAN. 1o. 1soa.

Patented Sept. 24, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2y wx d %Mmw, 060719? ff QM/@ www ,l f/ MMMM G; M. WILLIS. ELECTRICITY METER.

APPLICATION FILED JANJO, 1908.

1,039,467. i Patented sept.24,1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

www

GEORGE M. WILLIS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO XVILLIS ELECTRIC IETER COMPANY, OF ACHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

ELECTRICITY-METER.

Specification of Letters`r Patent.

Patented Sept. 24, 1912.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE M. VILLis, citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a' certain new and useful Improvement in Electricity-Meters,

of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had tothe accompan ing drawings, forming a part of this speci cation.

Jy invention relates to wattmeters, its object being to produce an instrument of its kind which has a minimum number of parts formed and arranged to produce a light, compact structure and which is adaptable without any changes or rearranging and with equal efficiency for measuring both direct 'current and alternating current.

In meters of the rior art the movable members, particular y the armature, are large and bulky and the friction element is considerable. The torque producing parts, such as the field windings, must therefore be correspondingly large and heavy in order to produce the necessary driving torque, and all accessory electrical parts and the su porting frames must be corresponding y large and heavy, the result being a large, massive structure. Themeter, on account of the size and weight of the torque-producing elements, also requires a great amount of energy or wattage for its operation. Also, on account of the size of the torque elements and the amount of windings necessary, the induction of the meter is considerable, which prevents the use of the meter for alternating current work unless the parts are rearranged and provision made for phase adjustment, frequency compensation, and so on. The great weight of the parts carried on the spindle causes a great amount of lfriction, and the matter of bearings is a very serious problem, the friction is not constant and some adjustment or com* pensating provision must be made, therefore. The `commutator and brush mechanism on these prior meters, on account of the great amount of current required for operation, rapidly deteriorates. The least -disturbance or jarring of the brushes or commutator will cause sparking, resulting in blackening or burning of the commutator and brushes, and the electrical conditions of the meter are therefore constantly varied.

The adjustment of meters of the prior a'rt, therefore, is a very serious problem and an expensive one. The least derangement of the parts of these meters will necessitate recalibration.

One of the main objects of my invention is to reduce the size and weight of the armature structure to a minimum, thereby reducing to a minimum the weight of the supporting parts for the armature and the friction of the supporting parts in the bearings. Reduction in weight requires a less amount of winding on the armature, and the weight and size of the field coil and other torque-producing members can be correspondingly decreased. The amount of current consumption necessary for operating the meter is therefore reduced to a niinimum and the sparking tendency reduced.

Another feature of my invention resides in the unique and extremely eticient construction and arrangement of the brush mechanism for the commutator, the arrangement being such that the worst shocks or jars to which the meter will be subjected in its' normal capacity will have no efect and will cause no sparking or marking of the mmutator or brush members.

Another feature of my invention resides in the compact and simple arrangement of the operative parts, the arrangement being such that each part is rca dily accessible. On

.account of the smallness of the operative parts and the compact arrangement thereof, the supporting framework and the inclosing case parts may be made very small and light. Provision is made for hermetically sealing the meter after calibration thereof, the met-er being then absolutely dirt-proof and the duration of its eiiiciency greatly extended.

In the aonompanying drawings the various parts and their relative arrangement are shown in detail, ligure l showing a front view of the meter with the case re moved and parts being broken away to bei ter show the construction; Fig. 2 is a side View from the right, the`inclosing base being shown in section along line .f2-Q, Fig. l: Fig. 3 is a top view of the brush gear und brush mechanism; Fig. 3 shows a modified arrangement f brush mechanism; Fig. 1 is a top View of the armature, the outer inclosf Ving shell being broken away to show the sa,r.........- W

arrangement of the windings on the inner supporting shell; Fig. 5 is a side View of the armature, the outer inclosing shell bei-ng partly broken away; Fig. 6 is a sectional view through line 6 6, Fig. 2,'sho`wing the construction and arrangement of the lower armature bearing; Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken on line 7-7, Fig. 2, showing the arrangement and construction of the upper armature bearing; Fig. 8 is a top View of the starting coil and support therefor; Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the connection mechanism taken on line 9 9, Fig. 2; and Fig. 10 is a front view of the upper right corner of themeter casing with the supporting frame removed to show the method ot iinally sealing the meter.

The meter inclosing frame comprises the base part l and the cover 2. From the lower end of the base extend supporting lugs 3. From the upper end of the base extends a supporting lug 4. The edges ot' the walls 5 of the base part are engaged by the cover and the ends of these walls are surrounded by a flange 6 slightly larger than the cover to leave a sealing 'slot 7 when the cover is in place. From the upper and lower sections of the flange extend lugs 8 for registering with lugs 9 secured to the cover whereby said cover may be held in lace, as by screwslO passing thrcigh the ugs. Within the base is the sul sorting plate .1 mounted on posts 12 and neld in position by screws 13 passing through these posts, the cover forming with the base and walls of the base member the compartment 14. Extending from the upper end of the supporting plate lliis the upper bearing post l5 and extending from the lower end of the plate is the lower bearing postl 16, these posts being suitably secured to the plate. Between thee-e bearing posts extends the armature .spindle 17. The construction and arrangement of the lower bearing within the lower bearing past 16 is shown in Fig. 6. Through the post extends the opening 18 lined by a sleeve` 19. Extending into this sleeve from the bottom is the lower bearing plug 20 carrying in its end a bearing concave member 21. A similar bearing concave nieiiilier 22 is secured in the lcvei' end ot thc Ispindle 17 which extends into the upper end ot the sleeve 19, and between these concave members is inserted a ball 23, which with the concave member forma` a ball bearing toi' the armature spindle. Thl4 ball may be oi' sti-cl and the concave inenibers ot stone. pi'i-l'ini'alilvv agate, or the bull may be ol' agate :ind thi' concave members ol' steel. 'l'luhead 1i-l ol the bearing plug has u ,Ln-omi L' ifliiiii engages the eiirl of .i spring .ii elio-e usher mul is secured in `yuna; suitable manner io the fi'iirnc. The lower bearing plug til. which is slidalily mounted in the sleeve i9. is thus yieldiiigly and flexibly supported, and injury to the bearing from jars or jolts is prevented. The arrangement in the upper bearing post 15 is shown in Fig. 7, the bearing post having the opening 27 in which is the hollow rod 28 having the bearing opening 29 in its lower end for receiving the upper or pointed pin end 30 of the spindle, this rod 2S being adjustable and locked by setl screw 31. By loosening this set screw and raising the rod 28 clear of the spindle, the spindle with` theparts thereon may be removed from the bearings. Mounted on the spindle near the upper end thereof is the armature which is of novel construction, as shown in Figs. Al and are arranged in three coils, 32a', 32b and 32, arranged 120 degrees apart and extending obliquely across the spindle, as shown. These windings are supported on an inner shell 33 of light mater-ial, and this shell is provided with grooves 34a, 341 and 34C encircling the shell in planes 120 degrees apart and passing obliquely through the spindle. This inner shell may be stamped from light sheet material, such as aluminum, or may be formed of some other composition. I have used Celluloid to great advantage. This inner shell is held in place on the spindle by sleeves 35 and 36 which slip over the spindle into diametrically opposite openings 37 and 38 in the shell, and these thimbles may be held to the spindle by friction or by being glued or otherwise secured thereto. To protect the windings the outer shell 39 is provided which may also be of light sheet material, such as aluminum, or which may also be of celluloid or other composition, this outer shell being formed in halves which are applied about the windings and inner shell and their edges cemented together. This outer shell may also be secured to the spindle by sleeves 10 and 41 in the saine manner the inner shell is secured. Thus, the armature windings are given a firm support and are thoroughly protected against dirt or injury. The supporting shell and the inclosing shell may be made extremely light, and therefore the combined weight of the armature can be made very little indeed. The armature being thus very light, the spindle can be very light and there will be very little weight on the lower bearing. The armature coils have their terminals connected together in common, the other terminals of the coils passing u wardly through suitable o eniiigs in tliie outer shell to connect with t e commutator segments 42 suitably secured to the spindle. is the armature coils cross each other, the grooves in the inner shell, which is spherical, are made of varying depths .so that the surface 'if the armature will |he spherical. `lare must also be taken to so proportion the windings that the coils will. have the The windings ot' the armature same magnetic value to cause the armature movement to be uniform and not jerky." The coils are therefore so wound that the produc-tof t-he number of turns per coil and the average area inclo'sed by the coil turns is constant.

The brush mechanism is supported from a mounting block 43 which may be of hard rubber, fiber, lava or any other suitable material, which block is secured in horizontal position by screws 44 to a bracket 45 secured to and extending from the supporting plate 11. Threaded studs 46 and 46" extend upwardly from the block 43 and are engaged by threaded washers 47, 48L and 47", 48", respectively. Between the washers 47 and 48 is .clamped one end of the brush frame 49, while between the washers 47" and 48" is clamped one end of thebrush frame 49". The upper ends of the studs are engaged by terminal thumb screws 50 and 50" for connecting the brush frames in circuit. The brush frames are similar and in the form of bows. The bow or brush frame 49 is formed by the rod 51 and the extensions 52 and 53 at opposite ends of this rod. stretched across these projections and screwed thereto is a strard 54 of conducting material, prefN erably in the form of wire of a copper and nickel alloy. The bow part for the brush frame 49" is of similar construction, the corresponding parts being -ven the additional character b. The stran s 54 and 54" may engage directly with the commutator segments at diametrically opposite points, and these commutator segments may also be of the same material as the strands. The bearing tension of the brushes 54 and 54" against the commutator can be adjusted by set screws 55 and 55",' respectively, which are mounted in metallic supports 5.6 and 56" secured to the block 43.v The brush frames after adjustment are locked by the washers 47 and 48. I nd that these brushes in the form of long strands of wire will take up any and all vibrations and jars to which .the meter will be subjectedduring use, and as the brushes can never leave or become disengaged from the commutatolgthere can be no sparking and the circuit conditions so far as the commutator brush mechanism is concerned, will always remain constant. This copper-nickel alloy will maintain a bright surface and will not tarnish and blacken as will gold, silver, platinum or other metals oncompositions used in meters of the prior art. 3*,I do not wish to be limited, of course, to this compound for the brdshes and commutator segments, as these parts can be f formed of any other material,the success of the mechanism as afspark preventive depending mainly upon the construction shown, namely, the long wire strand forming the brush and supported from the bowlike frames.

or away from t Adjustment being once established by the set screws 55 the brush `frames can be removed from the studs 46 and when replaced against the set screws 55 the adjustmentuof the meter is restored and there is no need of recalibration. In a great many meters of the prior art recalibration was necessary nearly every time the brush mechanism was removed or in any way disturbed, and this recalibration was necessary even after a term of operation of the meter on account of blackening or burning of the commutator and brushes caused by sparking. Instead ot having the brush wires engage directly with the commutator, they could, of course, be provided with sleeves 57 and 57", respectively, at the point of engagement with the commutator, this modified'arrangement being shown in Fig. 3.

The main torque-producing or field coil 57 is circular and surrounds the rear half of the armature. The supporting plate 11 has the'o-pening 58 to the rear of, and of larger diameter than, the tield coil and supporting ,clamps 59 secured to the base l extend through this .opening and about the field coil to hold said coil in vertical sition about the armature. To the rear o the armature and in the ccmpartment'14 is the circular' coil 60, this startingcoll, asbest.

in said sleeve y the set screw 64; The supporting frame 61 can thus be swung about the rod 62 and can be moved horizontally s0 that the startin coil can be movedtqward armature or swung vertically, thus providing for very closev adjust ment and this ad'ustment canvery readily be made without isturbing-any of the meter parts. The supportingfmeans 61 is also very light. At the lower end of the armature spindle is thedamping disk 65 secured thereto by screw 66 passing through hub 67, this disk extending through slot 68 in the sup port/in vplate 1l. An L-shaped'bracket 69 is secure to the supporting plate 11 by screws 70 passing through slots 71 inthe base of the bracket. At the end of this bracket or shelf 69 is mounteda damping magnet 7. with its poles spanning the damping disk. This magnet is held in place by the L-shaped toggle frame 73 whose vertical partpasses through a slot 74 cut inthefront end of shelf 69 and whose head 75 engages belowthe shelf, the horizontal part 7 4 of the clamping frame passing over the magnet bar to be engaged at its end by a screw 7 which passes upwardly through an opening in the shelf 69 and into threaded engagement at its endA with the clamping frame. Tightening of the screw securely locks the magnet to the shelf 69 and Kto remove said magnet the screw 75 is withdrawn, whereupon clamping frame 73 is withdrawn and the magnet can be removed. The magnet can be vertically adjusted by means ofthe screws 70 in slots 71. The motion 72 of the magnet engaged by the clamping vmember 73 is also rounded, which allows f ther adjustment of the magnet poles. The'damping effect of the magnet on the disk may be controlled by a shiinting plate-'7.6 of semi-circular form secured eccentricallylto the extending end of lower bearing post 16 by means of screw 77. By means of this plate 76 the magnetic flux between the ina/'friet poles may be more or less shunted to thereby adjust the damping or retarding-efect of the magnet on the disk.

To prevent demagnetization of tli e perina nent magnet a magnetic shield or/jframe 7S 'is mounted between the magnet and the armature and lield coil, this magnetic shield being secured tothesupporting plate 11 by f lugs 79 and screws 80. This shield serves vit also for supporting the recording mechanism S1 which may be of any construction and from which a driving shaft 82 extendsl supporting at its end a, gear 83 for meshing with the worm threads 84 on the spindle. Lugs 85 extending from this recording mechanism are secured by screws 86 to the upward extensions 87 from the plate 7S.

At the upper end of the meter, within the compartment 14, is suitably secured a noninductively wound shunt coil 88 whose ter minals are connected with studs 46, 46h by means of the clamping nuts 50, 50h, and thus the commutator brushes are shunted. Also secured Wit-hin the compartment 14 is a non-inductively wound resistance coil 89. At the lower end'of the compartment 14 a, sleeve 90 of fiber or other suitable insulating material extends entirely across the meter frame, and supported in lugs 91, at op posits sides 'of the meter frame. The contact arrangement within this sleeve is shown in Fig. 9. Extending into the left end of the sleeve is a brass tube 93, and extending into the right end of the sleeve is a brass tube 94, the inner ends of the tubes being insulated bv the partition or blocl Within the tube. Through the Walls of tube 93 is a contact opening 96 for receivin the end of terminal 97 of the field coil` an through the wall of tube 93 at right angles to the opening 96 is a threaded opening 98 for receiving the clamping screw 99 for clamping 'terminal 97 to the terminal tube. Adjacent the opening 98 is another threaded opening 100 for receiving screw 101, and at the outside, of the insulating sleeve 90 is a washer 102 between which and the screw 101 may be clamped one terminal 103 of the resistance coil Sleeve 94 has'coiitact passageway 104 and a clamping screw 105 for connecting the other terminal of the field coil to the terminal tube 94. At the left end of the lower wall 5 of the base part a bushing' 10G of suitable insulating material passes through the opening 107, and throng this bushing passes a screw 108 tlirou I, the threaded hole 109 in the tei-minal he 93 for clamping in the end of said tubeone terminal of the main circuit. Likewi/se' at the right lower corner'of the meter bas'e there is a bushing 110 for receiving the binding screw 111 by means of which the other main line terminal may be connected with the Contact tube 94. The lower edge of the supporting plate 11 is out away to leave the openings 112 and 113 through which extend the binding screws 99, 101, 105, respectively. The other terminal of the resistance winding connects with one lterminal of the starting coil 60 whose other terminal connects through insulating sleeve 114 with one of the brush studs, while the other brush stud connects with a terminal sleeve 115 at the upper right. corner of the meter frame, as shown in Fig. 10. This sleeve is within a suitable insulating shell 11G which extends through the meter frame wall so that a terminal can be inserted in, said sleeve to be clamped thereto by a binding screw 117 which passes to the exterior through opening 11S in the meter frame wall. This opening is lined by a fiber sleeve 119 whose end is adapted to be engaged by a plug cap 120 having an opening 121 through its plug part registering with openings 122 in the sleeve 119 so that a sealing wire 123 may be passed through these openings to make it impossible to connect or disconnect the terminal with sleeve 115 Without cuttingF the sealing wire or disturbing the seal 124 connecting together the ends of the sealing wire. The sleeve 115 forms one ter niinal of the pressure circuit whose other terminal has been described as connecting with Contact screw 101. Sealing means is also provided for the main terminals in the form of a block 125 which is secured against the lower side of the base by a screw 126-Y extending from the base and a nut 1 27. Through the end of the screw is an opening 128 for receiving a sealing wire.

The sealing slot 7 between the cover and frame has already been referred to. After the cover is placed in position against the base part and the screws 10 secured, a cord 129 is inserted in the groove 7 and against the base thereof and sealing material in some forni of wax is heated and filled in tlic slot above the cord, one end 130 of the cord being left without the slot, as shown in Fig. 2. The meter is thus liermet.iealljvr sealed and there will he no tendency to open the meter and tamper therewith. If the meter, however, is to -be repaired or calibrated the Sealiii material is easily removed by' grasping t e extending end of the cord and drawing the cord with the sealing material ,pressure wire is then inserted into sleeve 110W, Will act as fuses to thus protect the ,moved, the series connection with the main thereover out of the slot. When the meter therefore is shipped JFrom the factory or from stock it is sealed. When the meter is to be installed, the sealing block 125 is reline made. the sealing block replaced and the seal wire applied. The terminal of thel 115 and secured by means of screw 117, the plug 120 being then inserted and the sealing" wire 123 applied..v This sealing of the terminals has a tendency to prevent a great deal of tampering with the meter, and in most cases such tampering can be detected.

The pressure circuit through the meter includes the resistance 89, the starting coil 60, one of the brushes, the armature, the other brush, the sleeve 115 and the external terminal. The shunt coil 88, whose resistance: is less than that of the armature, shunts theV armature when the brushes are in engagement with the commutatorand assistsl in preventing sparking at the brushes. The fine wire brushes are the weakest part of the pressure circuit and upon excessive current armature windings. 'The resistance and the shunt coil are noninductively wound, and are therefore free from induction. The armature widings being very few in number, their induction will be very small and the sum total induction of the meter can be madeso small thatthe meter may be used with equal e'tiiciency on either direct current or alternating current independent of the phase relations, frequency or other characteristics and Without in any Way changing the adjustment of the meter or rearranging its parts, and without the addition of any compensating or adjusting parts. In othei` words, the meter of my invention can be used practically universally for direct current work or for alternating current work and its reading will always be correct, this being a very important feature.

The meter parts, besides being very simple, are arranged to be readily accessibleso that adjustments can easily and quickly be made and so that parts may be removed Without disturbing others. The single field coil being entirely to the rear of the spindle, the armature structure can be readily rcmoved straight from the front of the meter. The arrangement of the armature windingsl as described enables me to produce, with the single field coil placed as shown, a torque which will'cause entirely smooth and uniform rotation of the armature.

Having thusdescribed my invention, I desire to secure the following claims-:

1. In an electricity meter, the combination of field-producing means, an armature sub jected to the miucnce of .said means, wind ings for said armature, a support for thtJ insulating material forming part of the. ar-

mature structure and entirely support and windings.

2. In an electricity meter, theoombination of field-producing means, an armature subjected to the infiuence of said means, and a spherical protective shell entirely inclosing the armature and adapted to move therewith.

3. In an electricity meter, the combination of field-producing means, an armature subjected t-o the influence of said means to be rotated, windings for saidv armature, an inner spherical shell supporting said windings, and a spherical outer protective shell entirely inelosing the windings and forming part of the rotatable armature structure.

4. In an electricity meter, the combination of field-producing means, a rotatable armature structure, windings for said armature structure subjected to the infiuenceof said means, a thin spherical shell on which said windings are mounted, and a thin protecting spherical shell ventirely surrounding the windings and forming part of the armature structure, said' inclosing shell being in two halves which are secured together after ap plication about the windings.

5. In an electricity meter, the combination of field-producing means, a rotatable armature spindle, a thin spherical supporting shell mounted axially on said spindle, armature windings sup orted on said spherical shell and subjecte inclosing the cal protecting shell mounted on said spindle and inclosing the windings and the supporting shell.

6. In an electricity meter, the combination p to the influence of said i field-producing means, and an out-er spheriof feld-producing. n1caris, a rotatablelvertiy cal armature spindle, a spherical shell mounted axially on said spindle, said shell having three circumferential grooves displaced degrees apart and each surround coils having proportionately fewer turns .han a smaller one of such coils.

9. In an electricit-Y meter, the combination 65 windings, and a hollow inclosing shell of l o field producing in: sns, a supporting shell, 13a

and armature windings in the form of coils of different internal area surrounding said shell in diametral planes extending obliquely across an axis of s aid shell, a larger one of such coils having proportionately fewer turns than a smaller one of such coils.

10. An armature for electric meters composed of a number of coils of dierent internal area arranged to cross one another and also to obliquely cross the armature shaft, a larger one of such coils having proportionately fewer turns 'than a smaller one of such coils.

11. In an electricity meter, the combina tion of a vertical su porting frame, an upper guide post exten ing from said frame, a lower guide post extending from said frame, a bearing in each post, an amature spindle supported in said bearings, a rctarding disk carried by the spindle, a damping magnet su ported from the frame and spanning the isk, anda magnetic member carried by the lower post and adapted to be adjusted to control the magnet-ic effect of said damping magnet on said disk.

12. In an electricity meter, the combination of a vertical supporting frame, an upper guide post extending from said frame, a lower guide post extending from said frame, a bearing in each post, an armature spindle supported in said bearings, a retarding disk carried by the spindle, a damping magnet supported from the frame and spanning the disk, and a magnetic plate pivoted at the end of the lower bearing post adjacent the poles of the damping magnet, said plate being rotatable to short-circuit more or less of the magnetic iow between the poles of the damping magnet, thereby adjusting the damping effect of the magnet on the disk.

13. In an electricity meter, the combination of a supporting frame, bearing posts extending from said frame, an armature spindle bearing in said posts, a damping disk carried by the spindle, a damping magnet supported from the frame and spanning the disk, and a plate of magnetic material piroled eccentrically adjacent the poles of said magnet and adjustable to overlap more or less of said poles to thereby short-circuit more or less of the magnetic flow.

14. In an electricity meter, the combination of a supporting frame, extensions on .said frame, bearings supported by said extensions, an armature .spindle piroted in said bearings, a dumping disk carried by the spindle, u damping magnet spanning said disk, an L-shnped frame having its one limb :uljnstnbly secured to the frame and supportingr ila` magnet on its other limb, and a clamping plate passing through said elecironingnct.y one end of said clamping plate engaging said other limb and its other end adjustably secured to said other limb.

15. In an electricity meter, the combination of field-producing means, an armature spindle, a supporting core carried by the spindle, windings applied to Said core to beV subjected to the influence of said field, and an inclosing shell surrounding the windings and carried by the spindle, said inclosing shell being formed of sections secured togelther.

e163. In an electricity meter, the combination of field-producing means, an armature spindle, a spherical supporting core carried by the spindle, windings on saidV core subjected to the influence of Said eld-producing means, and a spherical inclosing shell carried by the spindle and surrounding said windings, said shell being of two semispherical halves secured together at their edges,

17. In aii electricity meter, the combination of an armature spindle, a spherical supporting shell on the spindle, bushings engaging the spindle and said shell for holding said shell in place on said spindle, windinofs applied to the shell, and an outer spherica inclosing shell supported by said bushings, said outer shell being composed of two halves secured together at their edges.

18. In an electricity meter, the combination of an armature spindle, a spherical shell on the spindle, bushings on the spindle for confining said inner shell on the. spindle, windings on said shell, and a spherical inclosing shell carried by said bushings, said inclosing shell being separated from` said windings by an air space.

19. In an electricity meter, the combination ofan armature spindle, a core on said spindle, windings on said core, andv a shell secured to the spindle by Said bushings, there being an air space between said shell and the windings.

20. 'In an electricity meter, the combination of an armature spindle, a core on said spindle, windings applied to said core, and a Celluloid shell carried by the spindle and inclosing said windings.

21. In an electricity meter, the combination of an armature spindle, a core on Said spindle, windings applied to said core, and a Celluloid shell carried by the spindle andv inclosing said windings, there being an airA space between said shell and said windings.

Q2. In an electricity meter, the combination ot a rotatable shaftz torque-producingY means for causing rotation of said shaft, a retarding disk on said shaft, a retarding magnet Spanning. said disk, ancl rotatably adjustable means at one side of the magnet for sbunting about the disk more or less o1" the magnetic flow between the poles-,of thc magnet.

23. In au electricity meter, the combination of a lsupporting frame, electrical mechanisin within the frame, a terminal sleeveextending through said frame for connection with said electrical mechanism, a clamping ing said insulating sleeve und plug to seal 11 screw engaging said sleeve, an insulating said plug in place.

sleeve for accommodating said clamping 1n Witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe` Screw, said insulating sleeve open to the my name this (3th day of January A. l). exterior whereby said clamping screw may 1908.

be manipulated from tba exterior to clamp GEORGE M. VILLIS. a terminal in said terminal sleeve, a sealing Witnesses:

lug for en aging in the outer end of said CHARLES J. SCHMIDT, insulating s eeve, and sealing means engag- TRED XV. KOEHN.

Copies of this patent ymay be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

